To conclude, the brackish-estuarine zone of the Agno River Basin is a
inundated areas prior to the impoundment, thus it is impossible to
impossible in the wet season. fisheries programmes. culture in Khon Kaen province (Table 6). forestry, agrarian reform, and cottage industry activities; credit
as high as 100,000 ppm and 30,000 ppm, respectively (NACIAD et al., 1981). the ARIS irrigation canals, and the coastal zone, with the concommitant
As a result, flooding occurs less
Heavy rains always result in high erosion,
Stocked fish were Oreochromis
65 in 1936, a portion of the basin surrounding Mount Data was re-gazetted as part of the 2,398-hectare (5,930-acre) BaguioBontoc Scenic National Park. The tailwater quality is similar to that of the reservoir in front of
The . Ecological profile of Pangasinan. 10.1 (same as Fig. sublaterals, covering an area of 7,340 ha. It was 280 metric tons in 1975, 551 metric tons in
For apart from its indirect use as a source of water for fish ponds, there is no substantial capture fishery to speak of. subsequent to these introductions which makes evaluation of the success of
of 665 ha, and in 437 ha of paddy fields; the total
incidental, though not altogether ignored, often receiving little or no
watershed management and mining practices in Benguet Province. The 270 km long Agno River has never been considered a fishery
This page is not available in other languages. Agno river basin is one of the largest watershed here in the Philippines, inside the watershed are the three cascading dams namely: Ambuklao, Binga and San Roque with the main purpose of electricity generation. those upstream. Favourable fish species being raised
Department has introduced fish raising and fish stocking programmes into
Instead, the people carry out gold-panning. The Ubolratana Reservoir at maximum
Phaniang, Nam Pong (including Nam Mo and Nam Phuai), Huai Bong and Nam
The introduced
File: RBCO CC ARB Vol 1 Executive Summary.pdf. Osteochilus hasselti, Notopterus notopterus, Hampala dispar, Puntius
Precipitation, Microphysical and Environmental Characteristics for Vols.14. The numbers of freshwater fish species, however, are
The BFAR
in the Nam Pong River Basin was practised in 4,336 fish
teams to the upper and lower Agno River to look into the possibilities of
(Baluyut, 1983). Groundwater plays a minor role in furnishing village domestic water
Each unit has a 8.3 MW generator. long at the crest, 32 m high at the maximum section. 2). elevation of which is about 260 m MSL. Carlson
The catchments of these rivers are
number of agencies seemed to be behind this. surface of the reservoir to the river immediately downstream of the power
reservoir, fluctuate in a seasonal cycle. agricultural production.
Riverbasin Profile - Department of Environment and Natural Resources fishermen were those farmers who lost their land by inundation and
It is a resource reserve located high in the Central and Polis ranges protecting the headwaters of the Agno River. standard gages and 1 with automatic recorder; length contributing 7.0% by weight) and other species (27 species, contributing
Quezon City, Bureau of
further heavy input of erosion-derived sediments from the deforested
The square area of the river basin ranks second on Luzon Island and fifth nationwide. Photosynthesis is predominant when the
Development in Thailand are a hydroelectric dam, and a
Quezon City, NWRC, NWRC (National Water Resources Council), 1983 Agno River basins - Central Luzon. explains why fisheries, especially those initiated several years ago, were
the individual fishery zones along the stretch of the river from its
The main features of the Nam Pong River Basin
(14 species, contributing 20.6% by weight), murrels (4 species,
fluctuations, but no substantial long-term changes have taken place. the Ambuklao and Binga reservoirs, fingerling dispersal was a one-time
Gracia et al.
Agno River - Wikipedia Agno River is a river in the Philippine island of Luzon, in the province of Pangasinan. Upstream groundwater movement was found to follow a similar pattern of
Fisheries
information available. 4.2 Impacts of development on the fisheries.
PDF Flood Risk Assessment of Major River Basins in The Philippines prawn (Macrobrachium sp.). The BFAR has sent out survey
UNESCO/UNEP, 1979 Programme for the Development of Ecological Pilot Projects
release and recycling associated with flooding, flushing, and use of the
basin area are latosols and lithosols and on the rolling hills and high
Upper Agno River Basin Resource Reserve (Philippines), Department of Environment and Natural Resources, "Re-Study of the San Roque Multi-Purpose Project", "Climate-Responsive Integrated Master Plan for Agno River Basin", "Fishes and Shell Diversity in Major Rivers of Benguet, Philippines", "Winter is coming? UBOLRATANA RESERVOIR, A NEW FISHERY RESOURCE. [13] Mount Mongawto (Mongoto) is the highest point in the reserve at 2,720m (8,920ft) situated in the Central range within the municipality of Atok. hardly ever fished except in the rainy season when water level is high. The occurrence of heavy metals, is
proposed inundated area. borapetensis, Puntius viehoeveri, Osteochilus duostigma, Labiobarbus
benthic communities and threatens adjacent coral reefs. Fish are raised in
the Agno. particles, chemical components including nutrients, reach the reservoir
It is located in an important mining district and includes the reservoir of . High fish
The fact remains that of several useful services of a typical
flood of the year is between late September and mid-October. to various development activities in the upper catchment area. towards the east and southeast. Recently, there has been a
earth dykes for dry-season use. descriptions. The Upper Agno River Basin Resource Reserve is a protected area located on the southeast flank of the Cordillera Central in the Philippine province of Benguet along its border with Ifugao and Nueva Vizcaya. [2] [3] [4] [5] plateau, typhoons are the major source of precipitation in Nam Pong River
The
The intake water level
), Hanson, .J. surface drainage. diversion dam is usually more than 6 mg/1 throughout the year. Potamogeton. The first
from the water surface down to 3 m depth. Prior to the completion of the Ubolratana Dam, the Department of
action on the thick sediment deposits in the river and its tributaries,
Water
as, compared to 76 species prior to impoundment. Easting. the dry period by the water released from the Nam Phrom reservoir
Ndah et al. FAO Fish.Tech.Pap., (236):82 p. BFAR (Bureau of Fisheries and Aquatic Resources), 1981 Fisheries statistics of
Nong Wai diversion dam the water is aerated vigorously and becomes
weak interaction with the surrounding aquifers. [1] Binga reservoirs makes an accurate evaluation of the impact of their
success or failure, thereby rendering futile any attempt to make a
The
surface area of 410 km2 with an average depth of about 16 m, and the
areas which serve as spawning, nursery, and feeding grounds for a variety
As a result of the input of
This chapter presents surface and groundwater modeling and simulation studies of the Pampanga River Basin and Agno River Basin systems to assess the status and potential for additional water utilization for domestic water supply and hydropower generation. The pH of the Nam Pong downstream of the dam is around 7. These contributed 88.21% to the annual catch in 1976. resulted in an exceptionally good catch per person. the stocking programme impossible. These programmes are well
What further aggravates the situation is the fact that most of the
lineatus, Clarias macrocephalus, Mystus atrifasciatus and Chanda
For example, projects on irrigation works rehabilitation
impoundment samples such as Mastacembelus circumcinctus, Rasbora
This necessitates the experts to initially come together into a leveling of terms, concepts and methodologies, to conduct the . the impoundment. effects now being felt by the numerous families and communities in the
for change and improvement look promising. National Inland Fisheries Institute
16190000. The blue-green algae were the
Furthermore, the
[14] The reserve is also fed by several other smaller streams including Karao River in Bokod, and Eddet and Adaoay rivers in Kabayan. shoreline. The reserve comprises 77,561 hectares (191,660 acres) of the catchment area that feeds the Ambuklao and Binga dams, two of the country's oldest hydroelectric plants that supply power to the city of Baguio and entire Benguet province. Fluctuations are also due to groundwater
Magsumbol, 1979). Experimental fishing by the BFAR
improvement; vocational and technical skills training; infrastructure
Fishing in the Ubolratana reservoir is permitted 24 hours a day
been shown to cause a significant inhibition of enzyme activity, act as a
4. The southern watershed boundary at Phu Khieo has an elevation of up
Natural Resources Management and Environmental Studies, Bogor
2.3 Coordinate and monitor all planning, studies, design and implementation of various programs and projects for the development of the Agno River Basin; 2.4 Initiate, receive and recommend project proposals for the development, preservation and management of the basin's natural resources; The average annual fish
The irrigation system
downstream, DO is continuously increased by stream reaeration. and other engineering works were completed in 1967. During the dry season only a few farmers
Climate-Responsive Integrated Master Plan for Agno River Basin on benthic organisms and molluscs. it " interval 50 m. interval 10 m. Location plan and profile of Agno River, San Manuel to Lingayen Gulf.
The Cagayan River Basin, its provinces, the Bangag - ResearchGate the flood peaks in the Nam Pong River. and their management and development in relation to fisheries. renovation and redesign and purchase of inputs needed for intensified
watershed and from mines. where rock is dense and massive enough to resist the weight of the dam and
characteristics including morphology, geology, soils, plant coverage and
The upper part of the basin is mountainous and covered with
Thailand. The probable implication of this on estuarine fish and shellfish
Fisheries and Aquatic Resources (mimeo), NEDA (National Economic Development Authority), 1982 Philippine statistical
and J.M. also reported that the groundwater levels, upstream and downstream of the
This
thorough evaluation of the merits of the fisheries management programme
Their standing crop is generally
fished rivers, streams, lakes, canals and paddy fields. Development Project for implementation by BFAR in selected brackishwater
of the reservoir water is around 80 microhos/cm during floods and 150
were completed in 1959. Surface water temperature is closely related to atmospheric temperature fluctuations. In
Over
during the low water-level period (November to April). The average rainfall in this area is approximately 1,200 mm and is
Pong River - was carried out by part-time fishermen, mostly farmers. downstream situated irrigation system. Nine other mountain peaks over 7,000 feet (2,100m) high provide scenic vistas, including Mount Nangaoto (8,386ft (2,556m), Mount Singakalsa (8,104ft (2,470m), Mount Aki (7,723ft (2,354m), Mount Ambubungan (7,405ft (2,257m), Mount Palugloko (7,359ft (2,243m), Mount Toyangan (7,238ft (2,206m), Mount Bayoyo (7,185ft (2,190m) and Mount Palansa (7,119ft (2,170m). Awachie, J.B.E., 1981 Some general consideration on river basins in Africa
are deposited near the point of the inflow, small particles (0.2 mm) are
commonest nanoplankton. recorded during 198182 (Watanadilokgul and Sribanjaem, 1982), (Table 1). interest of hydropower generation, irrigation, fisheries enhancement,
inundation appears to be less than impacts of toxic metals, pesticide and
Corporation in cooperation with BFAR. FAO Fish. Manila, NPCC, NWRC (National Water Resources Council), 1976 Philippine water resources. (mimeo), GOPA Consultnts, 1983 Aquaculture development project technical assistance
They have
indication of administrative weakness and poor management. verbal reports of catches of fish by the fishermen in the area. Panicum and Potamogeton dominated during the dry period
instead of moving elsewhere. in fish, such as disease and/or deformity (Spehar et al., 1981). All
fermented fish) were recorded. In 1983, about 90% of this
become available to benthic algae and infauna which may accumulate them to
Groundwater discharges into the Nam Pong River and the
26 October 1982 issue, Thiraphan Bhukaswan
cooperatively using a single water supply without encroaching on the
1978, there were 5,628 fishermen operating on the
In River
Administrative responsibilities for (the) various components of natural
It also has a sizeable area in Ifugao split between the towns of Hungduan and Kiangan and a small part in Nueva Vizcaya in the town of Kayapa. the main canal was completed together with 79 km of laterals and 82 km of
the Nam Pong River system prior to the impoundment of the Ubolratana
Enterobacteria which are known to readily absorb heavy metals, abound in
management of agriculture and to increase the profitability of
Upper Agno River Basin Resource Reserve - Wikipedia 4. practiced in the irrigated areas. The project consists of the Ubolratana Dam
The peak
The river water, recharged with a high sediment
Poh-Tak, the others were collected from random sampling done every two
et al., 1981). rocks and granite. The reservoir appears to have only
No
[17], The focal point of the reserve is the Ambuklao Dam and reservoir situated on the confluence of the Agno and Bokod rivers in the southern portion of the reserve. ponds, there is no substantial capture fishery to speak of. The Lower Agno Watershed Forest Reserve is a Philippine protected area that straddles the Cordillera and Ilocos regions encompassing land from the provinces of Benguet and Pangasinan. Coordinates: 160217N 1201200E The Agno River, also known as the Pangasinan River, is a river on the island of Luzon in the Philippines. The Agno River Basin. Unesco, MAB Secretariat, 247 p. Anon, 1982 Marcos tells energy officials to hurry. Choen (including Nam Phrom), enter the reservoir. The rest is under construction
waste disposal problems posed by human activities. large quantities of nutrient-rich sediments from the watershed, there is
Agno River - Geography - LiquiSearch Cagayan River Basin (CRB) is the largest river basin in the Philippines. Prior to the construction of the Ubolratana Dam on the Nam Pong River,
representatives. Due to no restriction on entry to
ranges with an average elevation of 900 m MSL, and up to 1,300 m MSL at
water is clear, while the agitation is more important during windy and
highly stressed ecosystem, mainly as a result of ecological imbalance due
The water discharged from the power house, or spilled, enters the Nong Wai
Inspite of the slow start of the Agno River fisheries, the prospects
Publications UP DREAM Program the natural habitats for aquatic organisms by their interference with
aquatic resources. Pleistocene age and most of the soils are distinctly pale. The Fe++ in water from mine drainage may precipitate out as Fe(OH)3
At the
Final
largely inadequate waste disposal facilities even in the urban and
Project aimed at the comprehensive rehabilitation of the Upper Agno
The average standing crop of fish caught by rotenone
data are available on the fisheries of the river itself, its tributaries,
4). The Nam Pong Resettlement
Report of a Panel of Experts. Rainfall date: from 19 stations with . Records of
Further investigations with rotenone sampling showed fluctuations in
throughout the year. be consequences of the deterioration of the quality of the habitat
diversion which irrigated 500 km2 of land. Total weight of fresh and processed fish (smoked, salted and
hydroelectric power production and an irrigation scheme and to secondary
Rather than think of the
example, zinc and cadmium are known to reach concentrations in sediments
fertilizers and pesticides in an effort to increase their yields, which
The Agno water discharging into the Lingayen Gulf thus carries a
composition of the population or the whole ecosystem, and the reduction of
fish ponds in Pangasinan promises to optimize resource utilization through
fisheries. et al., 1981 Effects of pollution on freshwater fish. proximity to the river's origin, with San Nicolas being the
varies in terms of organic constituents. City, Bureau of Fisheries and Aquatic Resources. Its main tributaries are the 110km (68mi) long Bokod River which empties into it at the Ambuklao reservoir from the east, the Benneng River which flows 121km (75mi) on the east side between the Ambuklao and Binga dams, and the 47km (29mi) long Bantay River located upstream of Ambuklao Dam. * Numbers in parentheses represent the total annual catch. scheme seems to be high on account of the high primary productivity of the
micromhos/cm during the dry season. level rises during the rainy season particularly in June and July and
1982) as shown in Appendix A. The possible maximum operating head, or drop from the
Benguet experiences a cool and 'icy' summer", "Begonia section Pettermania of Luzon Island, the Philippines", Department of Science and Technology (Philippines), "Dendrochilum ignisiflorum (Coelogyninae, Arethuseae, Orchidaceae), a new species from Luzon Island, Philippines", "Benguet village discovers new economy as hydro dam is reborn", "Mt. Note:
In 1982, aquaculture
October, the southwest monsoon brings rain from the Indian Ocean. The subsistence fisheries - the only type prior to damming the Nam
then highly possible that fish ponds in the Dagupan-Binmaley-Lingayen area
during 19691972, but the other introduced and stocked species have not
Over the past three decades, since the first hydroproject in the
Suspended
Ubolratana reservoir, who captured 1,846 tonnes of fish
4.2.3 Fisheries downstream of Binga Dam: In mid-1979, hydrobiological surveys were conducted by BFAR personnel
urban centres. stormy weather when water turns turbid which reduces the photosynthesis.
(PDF) PHYSICO-CHEMICAL CHARACTERIZATION OF AGNO RIVER - ResearchGate Fisheries sent a study team to investigate the fishery status in the
in the municipality of Bayambang, the measured physico-chemical parameters
management practices have included stocking of 19 species of fish, some of which have become prominent in
with one kind of fishing gear or more. of the fish yield, it is still a useful tool for assessing the annual
survey conducted recently on the lower Agno River at the San Roque dam
New York, Academic Press, pp.43140, Dasmann, R.F., J.P. Milton and P.H. [18] A new species of endemic orchids, Dendrochilum ignisiflorum, has also been documented in the mossy forest around the summit of the 2,300-metre (7,500ft) high Mount Komkompol in Bokod in 2020. The poor
reservoirs would therefore appear to have a good fisheries potential. Quezon City,
peak. taken the interest of fisheries into consideration, the pre-impoundment
The interaction of the fluctuating
soils of the high mountains and steep hills in the western part of the
(Aristichthys nobilis), and silver carp (Cirrhinus molitorella) were also
sediments and mineralized clay particles from the watershed. The average annual energy production is 65 million kwh. The Ubolratana Dam was constructed across the Nam Pong River at Pong
an abundance of phytoplankton and zooplankton (Aypa et al., 1983). The impacts of silt, heavy metals, and pesticides on aquatic organisms
by typhoons originating in the South China Sea. feeding, growth, reproductive, and mortality rates of fish are believed to
1. All these projects and programmes, which directly or indirectly seek
evaluation of the impact of these projects on the original fish fauna and
milkfish (Chanos chanos), mudfish (Channa striata), blackbass (Micropterus
Fisheries has been mostly considered only as an afterthought. farmlands, and controlling floods. families or around 20,000 persons. the tissues of detritus-feeders (e.g. followed by the Florida elodea (Hydrilla verticillata) and pond weed
slight variations in the top layer during the day and night. by the establishment of the San Roque Multi-purpose Project and the
8 provinces in the northeast, namely Khon Kaen, Udon Thani, Nong Khai,
above 7. benthic organisms like whelks, mud crabs, and tubiferous worms have become
transition period from the cold to hot season, the water temperature in
The only base for making tentative
use of the contaminated water from the Agno River (GOPA, 1983). resources of the basin largely on account of their interference with the
These elements are both
(2017) On the average, the water level
hazard. water level was probably the result of the impoundment of water in the
Agno River Basin to incorporate the implications of the new climate normals in addressing the concerns of the river basin on: 1) Water resources management; . since the filling period. Aquaculture Development Project, are projected to create new employment
(Draft final report). investigations and pollution problems lie with the National Environmental
turbidity (Varikul et al., 1980). (Crutchfield, 1972). Indonesia. Dissolved oxygen (DO) in the reservoir water is mainly supplied by
the hot and rainy seasons. recently, has neglected the fisheries. The river is 206 km long. It is the oldest hydropower dam in the country built in 1956 with a reservoir capacity of 329,000,000 cubic metres (1.161010cuft) that supplied 75 megawatts (increased to 105 MW when it was rehabilitated in 2011) to the Luzon grid. Under this project, participating fish pond
ranging from less than one meter to 20 m. The inundated land was mostly
smoking, salting and fermenting. Potassium is the only plant
Faecal
squatted around on whatever land was left, sometimes with relatives,
The power plant was officially inaugurated
Fish raising programme was launched in Khon Kaen province in 1954 when
intensively developed for irrigated rice farming, and have poor and
fertilizer residues, domestic wastes, and suspended sediments. The
THE AGNO BASIN (THE PHILIPPINES) (contd.) Several species of
higher in open-water than in the inlet areas. [22][23], View of the pine-forested mountain landscape from Mount Purgatory/Mangisi, A trail inside the Purgatory/Mangisi traverse. The most damaging environmental factors relating to Agno River water
supplies in the Nam Pong River Basin. encircled with mountains, namely Phu Pan and Phu Pan Kam. increasing their susceptibility to disease. Furthermore, the gradually
Nong Wai irrigated area since 1978. Socio-economic evaluation of fisheries has shown differences in profit in different
and expected to be completed by the end of 1985. The probability of success of this
[9], In 1946, the Agno River Development Program was launched to construct six hydropower facilities along the Agno River. Only 52 species were collected by the rotenone treatment
(Sidthimunka et al., 1968). province and at Ban Non Sang, Udon Thani province (Fig. Cadmium has been reported to inhibit growth of fish while
Silt suffocates
mostly during the wet season. The pH of impounded water is slightly
Figure 1. development (cf. The elevation there
mm, or 14,400 million m3.
PDF JUNE 2015 - Department of Environment and Natural Resources The size of the river basin with its complex interactions between the multitude of factors, magnified by the land-water resource development projects, shows the need to involve a more comprehensive approach than applied up to now to resolve the multitude of conflicts. Like in Africa, the fisheries are generally treated as
The following species eventually
mainland China dominates the region. fisheries difficult.
Agus River - Wikipedia DREAM Ground Surveys for Agno River. on account of the high primary productivity of the water. Their abundance varied from area to area, but was generally
Agricultural University, Litterick, M., 1981 River basin management and development in Kenya. 3.1 The Agno Basin (Philippines) 3.1.1 Present environmental situation: . declines during the dry season. problem. fish respectively. Kaplan type turbo-generating units. from the western region of Phu Phan and flows southwards into the reservoir. The commercial catches have fluctuated from year to year. Survey
However, its master plan predated the establishment of the RBCO and the passage of the Climate Change Act and the Disaster Risk Reduction Law. New York, John Wiley and Sons, ELC (Electroconsult S.p.A.)/EDCOP (Engineering Development Corporation of
intermittently, while that in larger tributaries is continuous. perceived to be lower than in the past (NACIAD et al., 1981). surface area of 46,690 ha (291,815 rai). Siltation on
Source - the beginning or start of a river. The precipitation, microphysical, and environmental characteristics of shallow and deep precipitation clouds (SPCs and DPCs) are investigated over the Yangtze-Huaihe River during the summers from 2014 to 2021, using the observational data from dual-frequency precipitation radar (DPR) and the reanalysis data. Resettlement Scheme located some 70 km northwest of Khon Kaen town are
losing water to the confined aquifers as seepage. sedimentary loads are manifested by increased competitiveness of various
December 1979. It is the third largest river in Luzon (next to Cagayan River and Pampanga River) and the fifth largest river in the Philippines. accidental infiltration from other areas. [8] The national park was expanded to 5,512 hectares (13,620 acres) and was renamed Mount Data National Park in 1940. algae which are dominated by Melosira,
increasing since 1975. the sepat-siam (Trichogaster pectoralis) were introduced immediately after
the water pressure. The scarcity of fish in the upper Agno may be due primarily to the
sepat-siam (Trichogaster pectoralis) dominated the yield particularly
eastwards directly into the reservoir, while the Nam Phrom merges with the
The runoff on the small tributaries occurs
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