Hold out as long as you can." When, after the fight, the Brooklyn was sent to Boston for repairs, she was found to have been struck over seventy times in her hull and masts, as was shown by a drawing that was sent me while I was a prisoner of war at Fort Lafayette. Follow the summary of events of this naval battle, and the significance of the outcome for the North. The Battle of Mobile Bay, by Louis Prang. Do these images give you a better idea what it was like for Harrie Webster aboard the USS Manhattan in Reading 3? [5] Among the most embarrassing episodes of the war for the U.S. Navy was the passage of the raider CSS Florida through the blockade into Mobile Bay on September 4, 1862; this was followed by her later escape through the same blockade on January 15, 1863. Why was Mobile Bay captured but not the city of Mobile? 3. 1. Why do you think this would be the best place to anchor the fleet after the victory? The ships weak engine a product of the Confederacys limited industrial capacity made her too slow to outmaneuver her adversaries and prevented her from successfully ramming any Union ships. In Painting 1, notice the wooden warship in the background. This lesson is part of the National Park Services Teaching with Historic Places (TwHP) program. Once that was done she had to cross the Dog River Bar to get into the lower bay. Amy has MA degrees in History, English, and Theology. A tiny white comber [a long curling wave] of froth curled around her bow, a tremendous shock ran through our ship as though we had struck a rock, and as rapidly as these words flow from my pen the Tecumseh reeled a little to starboard, her bows settled beneath the surface, and while we looked her stern lifted high in the air with the propeller still revolving, and the ship pitched out of sight like an arrow twanged from the bow. 2) Three readings of firsthand accounts of the Battle of Mobile Bay and the developing maritime technology pertaining to the Civil War battles fought at sea; Grant's troops were bogged down at Petersburg. The troops then marched toward Fort Gaines. Find the lone ram of the Confederate Navy's fleet that participated in the Battle of Mobile Bay. Everybody was in high spirits. Louisiana | Jan 8, 1815 The United States achieved its greatest land victory of the War of 1812 at New Orleans. The Valley of the Shadow After one of his ships hit a torpedo in the bay, Admiral Farragut famously said, " Damn the Torpedoes, full speed ahead." The words have been altered in time to the more familiar, "Damn the torpedoes, full speed ahead!"[54]. In order to read the message, the signal corpsmen on Hartford were brought up from below, and they stayed up through the rest of the fight. These installations might be defensive fortifications, supply depots, training facilities, or National Guard Armories. Fort Morgan held out under siege until August 23, when a major bombardment left it defenseless. Where were the working areas in the monitor? Tennessee drew 13ft (4.0m), but the bar had only 9ft (2.7m) of water at high tide. IFor more information, write the Superintendent, Fort Morgan Historic Site, 51 Highway 180 West, Gulf Shores, Alabama, 36542. The troops consisted of infantry detachments from the 77th Illinois Volunteer Infantry Regiment, 34th Iowa Volunteer Infantry Regiment, 96th Ohio Infantry, and 3rd Maryland Volunteer Cavalry Regiment, with General Gordon Granger as commander. Why was it important for the Union Navy to close the port of Mobile? The shock of discharge of our own guns was especially hard on the ears of those in the turret, and it seemed at times as though the tympanums must give way. At about eight o'clock the fire on our port hand began to slacken, and the word was passed below that the wooden fleet had entered the bay and that the fight was over. Which visual, Illustration 1 or Drawing 2, would you consider to be a more accurate portrayal of the battle? Nevertheless, they imparted some urgency to Farragut's plans to maintain the blockade. The heavy shot bent in the iron shield and shattered its oak backing. An error occurred trying to load this video. Included on the site is a photographic timeline of the Civil War covering major events for each year of the war. [61], The continued presence of a Union Army force near Mobile constrained the Confederate Army in its last desperate campaigns. Williams. 8. Maryland-born and a former United States Naval Academy superintendent, Admiral Franklin . David Farragut - Wikipedia 6. Enrolling in a course lets you earn progress by passing quizzes and exams. The Union captured about 1,400 prisoners and nearly 100 artillery pieces from the two forts. Submarines, flame-throwers, hand grenades, poison gas, biological weapons, and atomic bombs are examples. Fort Morgan State Historic Park - Gulf Shores, Alabama 1. Galena, Iron-clads: However, the risks were great. Sign up for our quarterly email series highlighting the environmental benefits of battlefield preservation. Civil War Battle Victors and Significance Mrs. Williams Eighth Grade Social Studies Learn with flashcards, games, and more for free. 4. The bay is about 33mi (53km) long; the lower bay is about 23mi (37km) at its greatest width. With the fleet no longer facing opposition from the Confederate Navy, Farragut could pay some attention to the forts. Corrections? How did the Union Navy take advantage of the natural conditions in their attack? Farragut split his ships into two parallel columns: the ironclads sailing nearest Fort Morgan and the wooden ships on the far side. As I learned afterward, he was on the second ship. After reviewing the evidence, the court found him not guilty of the charges. This contribution has not yet been formally edited by Britannica. Farragut planned his attack well. [35], The Confederate ships were ready for the attack, and they moved into position to intercept the Union fleet just beyond the minefield. The most serious hindrance to the advance in this period was the weather; a storm on August 20 halted work for a while, and left standing water in low places. While the army was going ashore, Tecumseh made her belated appearance and Farragut made his final dispositions for the fleet. 8. L. Morgan and Gaine's course toward Fort Morgan. The Federals promptly captured or drove away from the Rebel gunboats Selma, Gaines, and Morgan. Nashville. Mobile and Baldwin County, AL|Aug 2-23, 1864, Mobile and Baldwin County, AL | August 2, 1864. [57], After General Page surrendered Fort Morgan, the victors found that all of the fort's guns had been spiked, and gun carriages and other supplies destroyed. Two heavily-armed forts, Fort Gaines and Fort Morgan, guarded the bay's entrance. In the early fall of 1864, Admiral David Farraguts fleet attacked one of the last open Confederate ports. Note the differences between the wooden ship and the monitor. Over the next three weeks, fire from Farragut's vessels and the Union Army finally forced the defenders of Fort Morgan to surrender. 1. The site offers a unique perspective of two communities, one Northern and one Southern, and their experiences during the American Civil War. Civil War Battle Review Flashcards | Quizlet 3) One drawing and one painting of a monitor warship; 2. 4. While every effort has been made to follow citation style rules, there may be some discrepancies. The program's Web pages include information on National Park Service maritime parks, historic ships, lighthouses, and life saving stations. The fleet included 14 wooden ships (including the flagship Hartford), four monitors (the Tecumseh, Manhattan, Winnebago, and Chickasaw), as well as several gunboats that stayed nearby if needed. Scheduled maintenance: Saturday, September 10 from 11PM to 12AM PDT . Battle of Mobile Bay August 2-23, 1864 Mobile Bay, Alabama The Union shuts down one of the last two Confederate ports. What did both Confederate and Union soldiers discover about ironclad ships? Opposing Admiral David Farraguts force of 18 warships was a Confederate squadron of only four ships;however, it included the CSS Tennessee, said to be the most powerful ironclad afloat. Monitors were widely believed to be unsinkable--yet it took the Tecumseh just two minutes to go down. All Rights Reserved. Beauregard fires on the federal fort in Charleston Harbor. [49], An anecdote of the battle that has some dramatic interest has it that Farragut was lashed to the mast during the passage of Fort Morgan. Why do you think the forts were not an effective defense during the Battle of Mobile Bay? Still concerned for his safety, Captain Drayton had Flag Lieutenant J. Crittenden Watson tie him to the rigging again. G. Morgan Battle of Mobile Bay | History, Results & Significance - Study.com Every purchase supports the mission. To unlock this lesson you must be a Study.com Member. [citation needed], Feeling now that further resistance was useless, on August 23 Page ordered his remaining guns spiked or otherwise destroyed as far as possible. In the early hours of 5 August his fleet of four monitors and fourteen wooden steamships crossed the bar at the entrance to the harbor on the incoming tide. Page feared that the bombardment would endanger his magazines, which contained 80,000lb (36,000kg) of powder. The Navy used a cumbersome system of colored flags that would impart messages that had to be decoded, whereas the Army was experimenting with a far simpler wigwag[m] system, recently developed by Col. Albert J. Myer. Civil War Resources: Four of the crew swam ashore and a few others were picked up by a boat from the enemy. The smaller ships followed in line. (Library of Congress, Harper's Weekly, v. 8, Sept. 24, 1864, p. 613), Wooden Vessels: The South responded to the North's strategy by "blockade running," which became the only way the Confederate states could supply themselves with direly needed wares. The Confederates blocked part of the main channel with torpedoes (floating wooden barrels of explosives like modern naval mines) to supplement these defenses. Of the 18 vessels selected, eight were conventional wooden-hulled ships carrying large numbers of guns that fired broadside. Have them discuss their individual viewpoints with their classmates. The Union laid siege to forts Morgan and Gaines, and both were captured within several weeks. Their loss provided a particularly painful illustration of how changing technology affects the men fighting a war. J. flashcard sets. Oneida Page responded with ambiguous orders that may have been appropriate for spirited troops, but were disastrous when issued to men as seemingly demoralized as those at Fort Powell: "When no longer tenable, save your garrison. B. Manhattan From the rest of his account, how do you think he would have accounted for the sinking? "Four bells" was a signal to the engine room calling for full power. The first shots of the naval war were fired on April 12, 1861, during the Battle of Fort Sumter, by the US . His first line was a gift, a line of trenches 1,400yd (1,300m) from the fort that had been prepared by the garrison of the fort and then for some reason abandoned. Study with Quizlet and memorize flashcards containing terms like Who was the leader of the main Confederate Army for most of the war?, What was the great significance of the Union victory at Vicksburg?, What did Jefferson Davis believe would happen if the North tried to blockade Southern ports? If the Union captured a ship, it became Union property and its captain would spend the rest of the war in a Union prison. However, the Union Navy succeeded in closing many harbors such as Mobile, Alabama, which was deep enough to accommodate large ships. As the Tecumseh sank to the bottom, the crew of the Hartford sprang to her starboard rail and gave three ringing cheers in defiance of the enemy and in honor of the dying. H. Gaines As the fleet neared Fort Morgan, the Tecumseh hit a torpedo and quickly sunk. of an important coastal fort. The Battle of Fort Blakely page includes battle maps, history articles, historical facts, photos, web links, and more on this 1865 Civil War battle in Alabama. The sounds produced by a shot striking our turret were far different from what I had anticipated. Rebel Vessels: Mobile Bay was now under Union control. The battle was fought over two days, March 8 and 9, 1862, in Hampton Roads, a roadstead in Virginia where the Elizabeth and Nansemond rivers meet the James River just before it enters . Library of Congress 2. The battle of Mobile Bay was an important naval battle in 1864. Where were the living quarters in the monitor? The North converted ships originally designed for other functions, such as whalers and tugs, and built others from scratch, many of which adopted the latest technology. "Damn the Torpedoes" The Battle of Mobile Bay The Battle of Mobile Bay of August 5, 1864, was a naval and land engagement of the American Civil War in which a Union fleet commanded by Rear Admiral David G. Farragut, assisted by a contingent of soldiers, attacked a smaller Confederate fleet led by Admiral Franklin Buchanan and three forts that guarded the entrance to Mobile Bay: Morgan, Gaines and Powell. Jouett, full speed!" Furthermore, some of the shutters on her gun ports were jammed, rendering the guns behind them useless. Hartford "Back hard" was the order shouted below to the engine room, and, as the Manhattan felt the effects of the reversed propeller, the bubbling water round our bows, and the huge swirls on either hand, told us that we were passing directly over the struggling wretches fighting with death in the Tecumseh. History of Alabama By year Pre-statehood U.S. Civil War Since 1900 Topics: African-Americans - Cities - Politics United States portal v t e Mobile was founded as the capital of colonial French Louisiana in 1702 and remained a part of New France for over 60 years. [8] [e], Mobile and Mobile Bay were within the Department of Alabama, Mississippi and East Louisiana, led by Major General Dabney H. Maury. It was widely believed that these warships were unsinkable. In fact, Mobile Point where the fort stands is. Find more answers Ask your question Related questions Where did the battle of mobile bay take. E. Course of Union Fleet. Assign students a short research paper on an advance in military technology that was controversial when first used. Chickasaw took up position at her stern, and Manhattan began to pummel the ram with her 15in (380mm) guns. This success helps Abraham Lincoln's . But the Tecumseh indeed sank that summer morning, August 5, 1864, unexpectedly killing the majority of its crew and demonstrating the deadly effects of advances in technology such as the torpedo. Let us know. Colors of Significance: Historic Flags of Mobile Point Union warships gradually added other features, including steam engines and more powerful guns. 4. How did the new technology of the monitors create additional hardships? The new rank implied that the ships of the navy would be employed as members of a fleet, not simply as collections of vessels with a common purpose. Gen. The Battle of Mobile Bay (also known as the Passing of Forts Morgan and Gaines) took place from August 2-23, 1864 in Mobile and Baldwin Counties, Alabama. Confederate forces remained in control of the city of Mobile, but the port was no longer available to blockade runners. How does its location help or hinder its defense? Torpedoes, on the other hand, remained hidden below the water, which provoked complaints from the North that no civilized country would use an "invisible" weapon. The Federal fleet had lost 150 men killed and 170 wounded; on the Confederate ships, only 12 were dead and 19 wounded. Groups should attempt to answer the following questions as they conduct their research: Why was the installation located there? [citation needed], While this was going on, monitors Winnebago, Chickasaw, and Manhattan were engaging in occasional bombardment. On Aug. 5, 1864, when he led his battle fleet into the strongly fortified port of Mobile, his determination was never more evident. Our editors will review what youve submitted and determine whether to revise the article. All articles are regularly reviewed and updated by the HISTORY.com team. Farragut also had to contend with two powerful Confederate batteries inside of forts Morgan and Gaines. All of these issues converged at the Battle of Mobile Bay, which began on August 5, 1864 when Admiral Farragut's fleet moved into the torpedo-filled Mobile Bay. In addition, it was also a Presidential election year , in which many felt Lincoln would not be re-elected. 2. Fort Morgan State Historic Park near Gulf. This was followed by a reduction of the Confederate fleet to a single vessel, ironclad CSS Tennessee. The Battle of Mobile Bay Revisited - Mobile Bay Magazine The Battle of Kennesaw Mountain was fought on June 27, 1864, during the Atlanta Campaign of the American Civil War.It was the most significant frontal assault launched by Union Maj. Gen. William T. Sherman against the Confederate Army of Tennessee under Gen. Joseph E. Johnston, ending in a tactical defeat for the Union forces.Strategically, however, the battle failed to deliver the result that . D. Chickasaw What evidence of damage can you detect in Photos 1 & 2? Federal Identification Number (EIN): 54-1426643. It was only marginally, if at all, less bloody than the Battle of Forts Jackson and St. Philip and the Battle of Hampton Roads. [30], The army landing force under Granger was ready to launch the attack on August 3, but Farragut wanted to wait for his fourth monitor USS Tecumseh, expected at any moment but delayed at Pensacola. This Union victory, together with the capture of Atlanta, was extensively covered by Union newspapers and was a significant boost for Abraham Lincoln's bid for re-election three months after the battle. Why would a torpedo make the ships sudden sinking seem so mysterious? This battle concluded as being the last naval engagement in the state of Alabama in the war. 4. The same limited industrial facilities that made the South need these ships meant it could only produce a limited number, which left the Confederates at a disadvantage on the seas. It was made possible by the National Park Service's American Battlefield Protection Program. 3) To describe some of the technological advances that appeared during the Civil War and evaluate their impact on soldiers. Why? Kennebec The Mobile Bay Civil War Trail stretches from the Gulf of Mexico to north Mobile County - over 90 miles - and documents famous Civil War battles Stay up-to-date on the American Battlefield Trust's battlefield preservation efforts, travel tips, upcoming events, history content and more. Q: Significance of the battle of mobile bay? [12] All three forts were flawed in that their guns were unprotected against fire from the rear; in addition, forts Powell and Gaines lacked adequate traverses. [62], This was particularly important to Maj. Gen. William T. Sherman, who was at that time engaged in the Atlanta campaign. Questions for Reading 3 The four monitors steamed on the starboard side of his wooden warships to protect them from Fort Morgans guns. With Grant stalled at Petersburg, Virginia, and General William T. Sherman (1820-91) unable to capture Atlanta, Georgia, the capture of the bay became the first in a series of Union victories that stretched to the fall presidential election, in which the incumbent, Abraham Lincoln, defeated Democratic challenger George McClellan (1826-85), a former Union general. 13. The ships continued passing rapidly by, no single vessel being under fire more than a few moments.
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