He was the prophets grandson through his daughter Fatima and the son of Ali ibn Abi Talib the fourth Rashidun caliph. There are other things attributed to al-Hajjaj that are worthy of reflection, including his disrespect of the Prophet (s) and the sacred city of Medina, postponing the prayer, taking the Umayyad caliph to be superior to angels, prophets and the Prophet Muhammad (a), and him saying that it is a more important obligation for him to be obeyed than for God to be obeyed. Al-Hajjaj dispatched Ibn al-Ashath with a large and well-equipped army to invade and conquer Zabulistan. "Forget about all of this," Al-Hajjaj said. Follow your officers, take the oath, and cringe! Then Allah unleashed disgrace and humiliation on him (Abdullah) so much . Among politicians, Al-Hajjaj ibn Yusuf ranks 1,559 out of 15,577. (Urschrift auf Arabisch). Al-Hajjaj ibn Yusuf | Military Wiki | Fandom Hal I see straining eyes and starting necks -heads ripe unto the harvest! Ltd.. ISBN, Articles incorporating text from Wikipedia, Abd al-Rahman ibn Muhammad ibn al-Ash'ath, http://books.google.com/books?id=M0wUKoMJeccC&printsec=frontcover&cad=0#v=onepage&q&f=false, Encyclopaedic survey of Islamic culture, Volume 13 By Mohamed Taher, Do Not Sell or Share My Personal Information, Minister of defence, Politician, Administrator and Teacher. After dominating Kufa, al-Hajjaj went to Basra and delivered a threatening speech, like his speech in Kufa, and he then went to Rustaqubadh to reinforce Muhallab in his fight with Khawarij. Al-Hajjaj massively killed his and Umayyad's opponents. Al-Hajjaj was 33 years old when he assumed this post. Sa'id was killed by al-Hajjaj; before his death he prayed to God: "O God, do not make this person dominate anyone else after me". When al-Hajjaj arrived in Rustaqubadh, he encountered the first riot of Iraqi people under the leadership of 'Abd Allah b. He is known as a ruthless, brutal person. Said: Only the person who knows the secrets of the heart and that which is normally hidden of man's nature can answer that. During the campaign against Mus'ab, al-ajjj seems to have led the rearguard and to have distinguished himself by some feats of valour. Communication Through Interpreters in Healthcare: Ethical Dilemmas Arising From Differences in Class, Culture, Language, and Power. Shortly after defeating Musab, Abd al-Malik charged al-Hajjaj with putting an end to the Zubayrids and sent him against Abdallah ibn al-Zubayr in Mecca with 2,000 Syrian soldiers. In this battle, Mus'ab was killed, and Iraq was annexed to the Umayyad realm. It was Hajjaj who tortured and killed the dearest and closest companions of Ali, alayhi 's-salam, such as Kumayl, Qanbar (the servant of Ali) and Sa`id to name, but a few of the many hundred victims. Some of the greatest victories and conquests in the east since the first wave of expansions occurred during al-Walids reign all thanks to al-Hajjajs efforts. to all classes of people to observe the laws, and' their agree- ments, have brought much vigour to the Government, and have tended to the good administration of the country. Al Hajjaj Ibn Yusuf Ath-Thaqafis Speech During Hi - Blogger HAJJAJ BIN YUSUF : Free Download, Borrow, and Streaming : Internet Archive However, some poets reproached him. Mukhtars Alid revolt temporarily wrested Kufa from caliphal control. Angered at being prevented by Ibn al-Zubayr from performing Hajj, al-ajjj bombarded Mecca, going so far as to target the Kabah and its pilgrims during the Hajj. Would that I could find someone to rely on, as they did him, and give myself a break from rulership!, We are then still left with the question of whether al-Hajjaj was a historical villain or a loyal and effective servant of the caliphs and a pragmatist who did whatever he thought was necessary to achieve success. Hajjaj dispatched his spies and agents after Said and others who were still free to have them captured and brought before him. Finally, Chapter 6 explores the practice and the developing perceptions of Umayyad oratory through different types of material in al-Bayn wa-l-tabyn by al-Ji (d. 868). New Delhi: BloomsBury, 2021. 'Abd al-'Aziz, his household were exiled to Yemen. After the siege had lasted seven months and 10,000 men (among them two of ibn az-Zubayr's sons) had gone over to al-ajjj, Ibn al-Zubayr and loyal followers, including his youngest son, were killed in the fighting around the Kabah on Jumadah I 73 AH/October 692 AD. Al-Hajjaj imprisoned Hamza, Mutarraf's brother and supporter, in Hamadan. The result of this revolt was the demobilization of the armies of Iraq that were based in Kufa and Basra and their removal from the military payroll. And woe to the man I get my hands on! Therefore, as the governor of Iraq, al-Hajjaj administered a huge super-province or vice-royalty that stretched from Mesopotamia to Central Asia, and the Indian subcontinent where the boundaries of the caliphate were still expanding. He also sent some beautiful pearls and valuable jewels, as well as some Abyssinian male and female slaves, some pretty presents, and unparalleled rarities to the capital of the Khalfah. JavaScript is disabled for your browser. Before Muhammad bin Qasim left Multan, he faithfully implemented the orders he received in a letter from Hajjaj: Elliot and Dowson, History of India as Told by Its own Historians, Vol. Khalid Yahya Blankinship, The End of the Jihd State: The Reign of Hishm ibn Abd al-Malik and the Collapse of the Umayyads (State University of New York Press, 1994), Tayeb El-Hibri. He drew them deep into his mountainous domains and then ambushed them and cut off their escape. The fixing of the revenue upon each village, and the encouragement you have giveij. He was a competent and eloquent orator. Muhammad Kasim ivrote to Hajjaj, and after some days received a reply to the following efiect. He called one of his sons "al-Hajjaj". Hajjaj, this bestial tyrant was especially eager to kill the followers of Ali, alayhi 's-salam (peace be upon him), and his progeny. In the ensuing campaign al-Hajjaj commanded the rearguard of the Umayyads and distinguished himself against the forces of Musab ibn al-Zubayr (Abdallah ibn al-Zubayrs brother and governor in Iraq). The year after, al-Walid died as well, and his brother Sulayman ibn Abdi l-Malik came to power. Little is known about al-Hajjajs early life and career. This dissertation examines the speeches and the literary-historical figure of al-ajjj b. Ysuf al-Thaqaf (d. 714), the governor of Iraq under the Umayyad dynasty (661-750), to explore the role that public speech played in the process of building the Islamic empire as its key ideological tool. Hajjaj: I will have you thrown into the fire of hell in this very world. 'Abbas al-Hashimi, al-Hajjaj took Basra back, and gave an amnesty to its people. Al-Hajjaj: Machiavellian or Villain? - Medievalists.net He was a teacher of Quran to young students in Al-Taif. He also took part in the failed Umayyad expedition against Medina which culminated in the Battle of Rabhada (also known as the Battle of Marj Rahit) in 684. Since 2007, the English Wikipedia page of Al-Hajjaj ibn Yusuf has received more than 902,919 page views. Ysuf al-Thaqaf (d. 714), the governor of Iraq under the Umayyad dynasty (661-750), to explore the role that public speech played in the process of building the Islamic empire as its key ideological tool. The Chach Nama is the oldest chronicle of the Arab conquest of Sindh. is the merciful Prophet of Allah. On another account, Kulayb was his title when he was a child. The Abbasids are especially hostile to him. The speech had an immediate effect and the soldiers poured back into camp where they received their pay directly from al-Hajjaj. At the time that al-Hajjaj became governor the troops were supposed to be garrisoned in a camp at Ramhurmuz on the far side of the Tigris under the command of Muhallab ibn Abi Sufra. The prisoners were fed on bread mixed with ashes. (original text in arabic). He took part in two military campaigns on the Umayyad side early in the civil war, but he did not distinguish himself in either. Ibn Hani began to enumerate the virtues of his tribe. al-ajjj, in full al-ajjj ibn Ysuf al-Thaqaf, (born 661, Al-if, Hejaz, Arabia [now in Saudi Arabia]died June 714, Wsi, Iraq), one of the most able of provincial governors under the Umayyad caliphate (661-750 ce ). After consultations with his companions and upon the arrival of backup forces, al-Hajjaj fought with them and killed Ibn Jarud. - Gesprch von al Hajjaj ibn Yusuf ath-Thaqafi whrend seiner Einsetzung in Kufa (Irak). Even the surrounding rocks and hills trembled at their cries of pain and anguish; the hearts of Hajjaj and his torturers remained stonily impassive. But his death sent shockwaves through the empire and widened the rift between the supporters of the Alids and the other Muslims and was one of the central events that would lead to the formation of a distinct Shiite sect (which would break up into several sub-sects) in the future. In the Name of Allah, the Beneficent, the Merciful. The first part of the dissertation (Chapters 1-3) establishes that al-ajjj is an exceptionally opportune case study of Umayyad oratory. [3] Al-ajjj continued to be viewed as cruel and his reputation was not helped when he fought and eventually crushed a Kharijite rebellion under Abd al-Rahman ibn Muhammad ibn al-Ash'ath from 699-701 CE. Interdisciplinary Study of Religions Program and Dean of the College Present. The inhabitants of their domains also included Buddhists and some Zoroastrians in addition to a variety of pagan cults. As soon as the enemy of Allah, Hajjaj saw Said fear struck his heart; summoning up his courage he shamelessly began to question Said: What is your name? AL-Hajjaj continued the method of his Umayyad predecessors to curse 'Ali b. Abi Talib (a) and his progeny and killed people who did not curse them. In his book The End of the Jihad State, Khalid Yahya Blankenship describes him as honest, scrupulously loyal to the caliph, and merciless in collecting taxes. In an anecdote related by al-Tabari a man praised al-Hajjaj in the presence of the Abbasid caliph al-Mansur (r. 754-775). Ibn Abi l-Hadid cited Imam al-Baqir's (a) words about Shias being slaughtered by al-Hajjaj as follows: According to Mas'udi, one day al-Hajjaj told 'Abd Allah b. Hani (a close companion of al-Hajjaj who had an ugly face) that your tribe has no virtue. Sa`id: What business do you have with them? Al-ajjj first came to notice in the early years of the reign of Abd al-Malik when he set out from a-if to Damascus to serve in the shurta "police force" under Rawh ibn Zinba' al-Judhami, vizier of the Caliph. Adam Ali is a lecturer at the University of Toronto. Dia merupakan sosok yang kontroversial dan pelik dalam sejarah awal umat Islam. He then became a member of Rawh b. Zanba' al-Judhami's police, the caliph's minister and his closest companions, and the organizer of his army. In his first step, al-Hajjaj cleaned the effects of the battle in Masjid al-Haram. When al-Hajjaj learned that Ibn Ash'ath's 200,000-member army were 7 Farsakhs away north of Kufa, he launched a battle against them, and after 100 days and 80 battles lasting from Rabi' I 1 to Jumada II 14, 82/April 15 to July 26, 701), he defeated Ibn Ash'ath and decapitated most of the prisoners. After torturing and harassing the prisoners, most of whom were Muslims leading the struggle to establish true Islam, he had them put to death in the most brutal way. The governor of Makkah was a merciless, stony-hearted man like Hajjaj. After each of these virtues, al-Hajjaj said: "Yes (it is a virtue)". When al-Hajjaj ruled Hijaz for two (or three) years, 'Abd al-Malik b. Marwan removed him from the position and, in Rajab or Ramadan, 75/October-November, 694 or December 694-January 695), appointed him as the ruler of Iraq and gave him full authority. (testo originale in arabo). When the report of his latter lenient policy reached his patron Hajjaj in Baghdad, disapproving the leniency, he wrote to Qasim: Elliot and Dowson, Vol I, 173ff. [5] The caliph, al-Walid I, issued an order to his brother, Sulayman ibn Abd al-Malik, the pro-Azdi governor of Palestine, to send the sons of al-Muhallab to Damascus. He was intimately friends with the household of Marwan b. Hakam al-Umawi. [9], It is written that Al-ajjj ibn Ysuf once entered a city. It is commonly held that al-Hajjaj was the first person who covered the Ka'ba with dibaj or silk. As soon as Said and a number of noble Muslims tried to seek refuge in Makkah he arrested them and sent them in chains to the town of Kufah. . Through this speech he made his point very clear that he meant business and would not suffer any disobedience from the soldiery of Iraq. The story of 'Umar's exiling of Nasr ibn Hajjaaj from Madinah He would lose consciousness for a while only regain it and see before him the form of Said. A new garrison town, Wasit, was built by al-Hajjaj halfway between Kufa and Basra and manned with a Syrian army to keep order in Iraq and to keep the Basrans and Kufans in line. He did so, but Ibn Ash'ath killed himself on his way to Iraq. cette poque, Al-Hajjaj ibn Yusuf, le clbre tyran sanguinaire, tait le gouverneur du Hijaz et l'Irak . He restored order in the unruly domains he governed, pushed the boundaries of the empire further east through new conquests in Transoxiana, and instituted political, fiscal, administrative, and agricultural reforms. The second part (Chapters 4-6) deals with al-ajjjs speeches and, more generally, with Umayyad oratory, which has remained an unexplored field because of authenticity-related issues. Al-Hajjaj was born (661 AD) in the city of Ta'if in the Hijaz, in modern-day Saudi Arabia. Dia dikenal sebagai seorang penguasa yang cerdas namun keras dan kejam. He attracted the attention of Abd al-Malik because he rapidly restored discipline among the mutinous troops with whom the Caliph was about to set out for Iraq against Musab ibn al-Zubayr. The cleric prayed: "O God, take his life away!" During the caliphate of Sulayman b. After him are Fuad I of Egypt, Maria I of Portugal, Boudica, John VI of Portugal, Lucullus, and Leo IV the Khazar. When Muhammad bin Qasim began the conquest of Sindh, he exercised the policy of converting the people of a territory, which gave a ght, at the pain of death. The new imperial army was composed primarily of loyal Syrian soldiers. Ibn al-Zubayr and a band of his last loyal followers, including his youngest son, were killed fighting around the Kaaba while trying to fend off the overwhelming numbers of al-Hajjajs troops in October 692. He also constructed a city, called "Nile", near Euphrates north of Hillah. Abzura Dimashq, Abd al-Ramn b. He asked the cleric to recite a prayer for him. Letter to M. bin Qasim. Appendix II offers a further excursus into matters of transmission. Hajjaj: What do you know about the three caliphs (Abu Bakr, Umar and `Uthman)? The relationship between al-Hajjj ibn Ysuf and Muhammad ibn Qasm has always been one of great debate. As they have made submission, and have agreed to pay taxes to the Khalifa, nothing more can be properly required from them. This bombardment did not let up even during the pilgrimage and not even the Kaaba was spared. The Byzantines were led by Leontios at the Battle of Sebastopolis in 692 and were decisively defeated. Ab Muammad al-ajjj ibn Ysuf ibn al-akam ibn Aql al-Thaqaf (Arabic: ; Ta'if 661 - Wasit, 714 (40-95 AH)), known simply as al-Hajjaj ibn Yusuf (Arabic: , romanized: al-ajjj ibn Ysuf), was probably the most notable governor who served the Umayyad Caliphate. Mirza Kalichbeg Fredunbeg: The Chachnamah, An Ancient History of Sind, Giving the Hindu period down to the Arab Conquest. After the recovery of Iraq from the Kharijite threat, Khurasan and Sistan were added to the governorship of al-Hajjaj ibn Yusuf in the year 697 A.D. Hajjaj appointed 'Ubaydullah ibn Abi Bakra al-Thaqafi to administer Sistan and instructed him to lead an expedition against Rutrjil,1 the ruler of Kabulistan Al-Hajjaj, after receiving further reinforcements, proceeded to bombard Mecca with catapults. 'Abd al-Malik also respected al-Hajjaj and called him the skin of his face. He entered Kufas mosque, mounted the pulpit, and made his famous inaugural speech as governor. Before him is Pepin of Herstal. As Hajjaj bin Yusuf was passing away, he raised his tearful eyes to heaven, pleading: "O Allah! Al-Hajjaj's father, Yusuf b. Hakam al-Thaqafi, was a head and a nobleman of the Thaqif tribe. These clashes lasted up to the beginning of 78/697 when khawarij started an internal dispute and were crushed by al-Hajjaj. There must be great riches and treasures of kings hidden in these two places. Dr. Israr AhmadYazeed Aur Hajjaj Bin Yousuf ki HAQEEQAT - YouTube Al-ajjj bin Ysuf's period saw the Arabs on their zenith and he played an essential part in it. Take a look at me! (Gil 1997: 82). Al-Hajjaj and his father, Yusuf ibn al-Hakam, escaped the disaster on a single camel and al-Tabari reports that they were among only a few to survive the battle and make it back to Syria alive. Said: I love whomever Allah loves the most, whomever Allah chooses as the more worthy. He gave quarters to the people, if they submitted to his invading army without giving a ght. Before him is Muawiya II. "Encyclopedic survey of Islamic culture". In the Sha'ban or Ramadan of 65/March or April of 685, Marwan b. Hakam sent an army to Hijaz under the commandership of Hubaysh b. Dalaja al-Qayni (or Hubaysh b. Dulja) in order to quench 'Abd Allah b. Zubayr. Ahlul Bayt Digital Islamic Library Project 1995-2023. [2] We aim to be the leading content provider about all things medieval. Become a member to get ad-free access to our website and our articles. His biography is available in 30 different languages on Wikipedia (up from 28 in 2019). He advanced unopposed as far as his native a-if, which he took without any fighting and used as a base. Unlike the rest of mankind he refused to take his mother's breast after being born. Al-Hajjaj is most well known for his brutal suppression of the rebellion of al-Mukhtar in 765. The report of 'Umar ibn al-Khattaab (may Allah be pleased with him) exiling Nasr ibn al-Hajjaaj to Basra lest the women of Madinah be tempted by him has been narrated in many reports, in brief and at length. Because of his services to the establishment of the Umayyad caliphate, al-Hajjaj was appointed by 'Abd al-Malik b. Marwan as the agent of Mecca and later that of Medina, Ta'if, and then Yemen and Yamama. Said: Only the Almighty Allah knows the secrets of the unseen. An answer to Michelet, Proudhon, Girardin, Legouv, Comte, and other modern innovators More with book covers Share the book : Book Review "A Woman In Front Of Al-Hajjaj Bin Yusuf Al-Thaqafi Lessons And Lessons" Praise be to Allah. It is important to note that most of the material that has survived on the Umayyad period was composed during the rule of the Abbasids who had overthrown the Umayyads. His prison consisted of merely four walls roofless and so open to the burning sun of summer or the bitter cold of winter. Al-Husayns episode in the Second Fitna seems insignificant compared to some of the other incidents. Hajjaj: How would you like me to kill you? He reacted in like manner even to the names of the important amongst the Shi'ah community. Early in 74/693-4, he went to Medina, and after one or two months of stay there, returned to Mecca, and reconstructed the Ka'ba at the command of the caliph. download book al hajjaj bin yusuf pdf - Noor Library If you regularly visit this site and wish to show your appreciation, or if you wish to see further development of Al-Islam.org, please donate online. The second part (Chapters 4-6) deals with al-ajjj's speeches and, more generally, with Umayyad oratory, which has remained an unexplored field because of authenticity-related issues. Hajjaj was the bloodthirsty governor of Iraq and Iran. This study offers an example of a memory formation in the case of a key early Islamic figure and his oratory and draws attention to the phenomenon of Umayyad public speech both as a crucial political tool in building the Empire in its own time and as a cultural product fundamental to Arab self-identification and identity in later period. Ab Muammad al-ajjj ibn Ysuf ibn al-akam ibn Aql al-Thaqaf (Arabic: ; Ta'if 661 Wasit, 714 (40-95 AH)), known simply as al-Hajjaj ibn Yusuf (Arabic: , romanized: al-ajjj ibn Ysuf), was probably the most notable governor who served the Umayyad Caliphate. At the time when Ibn Jarud rioted, Iraqi Africans rioted under the leadership of Ribah Shirzanji (or Sharzanji) and conquered the areas surrounding Basra. Enough! While subsequently governing the Hijaz, al-ajjj was known for his severe rule. He willed his successor, Yazid b. Abi Muslim, to bury him secretly and pour water on his grave and erase the signs of his grave so that no one knows where he is buried and his grave not be exhumed. Hajjaj the tyrant executioner had so many spies within the Muslim community that no one dared to even mention the name of Ali, alayhi 's-salam, or the members of his family. In late 79/699 or early 80/699, al-Hajjaj provided a 40,000-member army called "Tawawis Army" (Army of Peacocks) under the command of 'Abd al-Rahman b. Muhammad b. Ash'ath in order to quench Ratbil in Sistan. He sent an army to fight with Mutarraf. Additionally, the Kharijites were also based in Iraq and they were constantly agitating against central rule. Many of the peasants converted to Islam to avoid paying taxes and also to enroll in the military and receive stipends. After this shahadah (a martyr's death in the way of Allah) Hajjaj went into a strange mood and finally became mad. Hajjaj: No, your name is Shaqiyy (the unfortunate). Know that what-ever you say I will finally kill you. During this time over 10,000 of Ibn al-Zubayrs men, including two of his sons, defected to al-Hajjaj. It was after defeating the Kharijites in Iraq and neutralizing them as a threat to the caliph that al-Hajjaj was given jurisdiction over the entire eastern section of the caliphate. among these cultural means, Friday speech played an especially important role for al-ajjj. This page was last edited on 12 December 2022, at 10:23. The Kharijites remained a threat into the Abbasid period, but we will see that al-Hajjaj brought them to heel during his tenure as governor of Iraq. However, his severe tactics led him to make many enemies, who would come to power after his death. It should therefore not be surprising that these sources often tend to be biased against the Umayyad caliphs and their supporters. Historical sources show that he was a professional politician. Tyranny of Al Hajjaj Ibn Yusuf - A Must Read for Youth and Leader He then went to Syria with his father. "To the contrary, (I said what I said because) I did not want to lie to you," said Sa'id. Appendix I contains translations of nineteen speeches. The following is a translation of that speech by Eric Schroeder from Muhammads People: A Tale by Anthology: A famous man am I; my deeds increase my praise. Time: 4:00 pm - 5:30 pm EST/GMT-5. [3] The family was part of the Banu Awf branch of the Thaqif tribe. There was an elder cleric whose prayers were widely believed to bring blessings. His influence further increased after the death of Abd al-Malik in 705. This had a crucial role in the development of Shiism in Qom. Abdallah ibn al-Zunayr proclaimed himself caliph in Mecca and set up a rival caliphate that controlled Arabia, Egypt and Iraq at the peak of his power. Al-Hajjaj b. Yusuf al-Thaqafi - wikishia The Umayyad regime was struggling to survive during the Second Fitna (the Second Islamic Civil War, 680-692). Let this sword once come out of its scabbard, and it will not be sheathed, come winter, come summer, till the Prince of the True Believers, with Gods help, has straightened every man of you that walks aside, and felled every man of you that lifts his head. They are the capitals and royal residences. For his considerable successes, al-ajjj was also made governor of some provinces in Persia, where he was again tasked with putting down rebellions. He played a significant role in the establishment of the Umayyad government. If any one refuses to submit to Muhammadan power slay him. The letter of my dear nephew Muhammad Kasim has been received, and the facts understood. hajjaj bin yusuf ki maut || Hujaj Bin Yusuf Kon Tha Who Was - YouTube When they arrived in the province of Kzrn, the boat was overtaken by a storm, and drifting from the right way, floated to the coast of Debal. In 698 the Zunbil, who was the semi-independent ruler of Zabulistan (a frontier region between Khurasan and India in modern day southern Afghanistan) dealt a severe defeat upon an army of Arabs sent by the governor of Sistan. Among these generals was the teenaged Muhammad ibn-Qasm, who in 712 was sent to Sindh in Pakistan and Qutayba ibn Muslim who was sent to conquer Turkestan, which he did. At first he went to Isfahan later hid in the city of Qum and then moved on to the province of Adharbayjan in the north- west of Iran. He ensured all important records were translated into Arabic, and for the first time he convinced caliph Abd Al-Malik to adopt a special currency for the Muslim world. Eventually, al-Hajjaj defeated Shabib and his soldiers. Sulayman sent the elder brother, Yazid,[6] and his own son in chains to the caliph, who, however, showed them mercy. Chapter 4 discusses the ideology that al-ajjjs speeches project and draws attention to their performative quality. Today only ruins of the city have remained. "Tell me why you never laugh.". He also restored peace and order to the Hijaz. His mother was Fari'a or Furay'a, the daughter of Hammam b. The only distinction between the two is that Murad IV was both a sultan, whereas al-Hajjaj was just a viceroy, albeit powerful. Said: Oh unfortunate one! His death was slow and painful. Unrecognized Email or Password, please try again. His kunya was Abu Muhammad. After the pacification of his territories and decades of warfare al-Hajjajs main objective was to make the domains of his governorship prosperous. And may God hear this oath and call me to account for it: every soldier of Muhallabs army whom I find here at the expiry of that term shall lose his head, and his goods shall be put to pillage.. During his sojourn in Medina, he maltreated people of Medina, and particularly the Sahaba of the Prophet (s).
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